Also called Swamp vervain. Tall rhizomatous native perennial with purple-blue to pink flowers, blooming June to October. Occurs in moist meadows, pastures, ditches and degraded wetlands and riparian areas; up to 7,000 ft. elevation. Seeds are eaten by numerous birds. Not palatable to ungulates. Pollinated by numerous native bees and wasps. Larval host plant for Buckeye butterflies.

DISTRIBUTION / ADAPTATION

INFORMATION & ATTRIBUTES

Family: Verbenaceae

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Growth Habit: Forb/herb

Native Status: Native

Growth Form:  Rhizomatous

Mature Height:  2-5 ft.

Bloom Color: Bluish-hurple

Bloom Period: Late summer

Annual Precipitation:  in.

Drought Tolerance: None

Shade Tolerance: Moderate

Elevation:

Wetland Indicator Status: FAC

Fire Resistance:

Fire Tolerance:

Nitrogen Fixation:

SOIL ADAPTATION

Coarse Texture: Yes

Medium Texture: Yes

Fine Texture: No

Salinity Tolerance:

CaCO3 Tolerance:

pH Range: 6.5-7.0

SEEDING NOTES

Seeds per Pound:

Seeding Rate:  PLS lbs/acre

Season:

Days to Germination: